Feminism In The Yellow Wallpaper - 1526 Words

In Charlotte Perkins â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† which was published in 1892, the author explores the gender ideologies of the time period and how women were seen as inferior, resulting in unfair treatment in cases even involving their personal health. The main character, who is a woman named Jane, is led to insanity due to the unsuitable treatment received for her depression, but the insanity she goes into symbolizes a revelation. As she progresses into this insanity, the author ties in the discovery the main character makes of the hidden figure in the wallpaper to a woman making the discovery of how the oppressions and limitations women face must be challenged and changed in order to escape the lifestyle which keeps them imprisoned to the†¦show more content†¦She shows her knowledge in her inability to do such things and realizes how when she is not attending to others, even when she is overcome by a sickness, she is seen as a nuisance and as not needing a more se rious type of treatment. This shows not only her beginning to realize how she is not being treated fairly in the case of the treatment she is receiving for her sickness but also how she is not being treated fairly in the household, marriage, and in society as a whole due to her gender. Rula Quawas explains how â€Å"it was believed that while the world outside the home, with its highly competitive character, brutal environment and fluctuating fortunes, was a man’s sphere, the home, the moral sanctuary of society, was the temple of woman and her only proper sphere,† showing the restrictions placed upon women in this time (Quawas 36). This realization comes to light through the wallpaper, and the insanity she progresses into through the story is a symbol of the awareness of the oppression she faces and the wanting to escape from the gender roles placed upon her and other women. When Jane describes the wallpaper, she is first repulsed by its color and the mere sight o f it. Later, she describes that the sunlight reveals a â€Å"pointless pattern†Show MoreRelatedFeminism in The Yellow Wallpaper609 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, like many stories, has an underlying message that seems to be hidden between the lines. If you sit down and read this story once, you might see a bit of male domination of John over the narrator, but if you read it a second time and think deeper you see the true feminist theme. Gillman truly showed her feminist ways throughout this story, although it’s a short story and contains a lot of powerful messages in it. The first point is that Gillman uses metaphors to show her feminismRead MoreFeminism In The Yellow Wallpaper1446 Words   |  6 Pagesworld and the movement of women easily facilitates the mobility of men. Equality requires women to live in a society with no legislation on their bodies and to be able to live free of the sword and threat of sexual violence. It is not just the feminism of gender, it is also about racial and ethnic equality, equal capacity, gender, spirituality, class, and all the signs that define one of us. As we see the feminist novel deals not only with what we are but also with our ways of living. The narrativeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper and Feminism2126 Words   |  9 Pagesshortcomings that history has given them. In Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the dominance of a patriarchal society is exposed. The verisimilitude of Gilman’s imagery of the setting lengthily describes the isolation and confinement of the narrator and their effects on her. The house she is staying in is her own prison, and is a symbol of her isolation from society. Her room with the yellow wallpaper is another representation of the narrator’s oppression and her ambition to breakRead MoreFeminism : The Yellow Wallpaper1861 Words   |  8 PagesFeminism in â€Å"The Yellow Wal lpaper† While reading one can study the societal and feminist aspects of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and how they have helped change our society in ways like informing people about post-partum depression and its serious outcomes if not treated properly. While reading another thing to aspect to understand is what was happening in the world at the time Charlotte Perkins Gilman published this story that made it so well known. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is known as a feminist storyRead MoreYellow Wallpaper Feminism Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesyellow wallpaper The restrictions on the women movement in the world and the movement of women easily facilitates the mobility of men. Equality requires women to live in a society with no legislation on their bodies and to be able to live free of the sword and threat of sexual violence. It is not just the feminism of gender, it is also about racial and ethnic equality, equal capacity, gender, spirituality, class, and all the signs that define one of us. As we see the feminist novel deals notRead More Feminism, Womanhood, and The Yellow Wallpaper2218 Words   |  9 PagesFeminism, Womanhood, and The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Victorian period in American history spawned a certain view of women that in many ways has become a central part of gender myths still alive today, although in a diluted way. In this essay, some characteristics of this view of women, often called The Cult of True Womanhood, will be explored with reference to Thomas R. Dew Dissertation on the Characteristic Differences Between the Sexes (1835). Some of the feminist developments arisingRead MoreFeminism in The Yellow Wallpaper575 Words   |  3 PagesThe Feminist View of the Yellow Wallpaper The yellow wallpaper is a story about John and his wife who he keeps locked up due to her nervous condition of anxiety. John diagnoses her as sick and has his own remedy to cure her. His remedy s to keep her inside and deterring her from almost all activities. She is not allowed to write, make decisions on her own, or interact with the outside world. John claims that her condition is improving but she knows that it is not. She eats almost nothingRead More The Yellow Wallpaper as an Attack on Radical Feminism1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper as an Attack on Radical Feminism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† explores mental illness and, through this exploration, presents a critique of the place of women in a patriarchal society. Interestingly, Charlotte Perkins Gilman never intended the latter. The primary intent of her short story is to criticize of a physician prescribed treatment called rest cure. The treatment, which she underwent, required female patients to â€Å"’live as domestic a life as possible’† (Gilman)Read MoreOn Feminism and ‘the Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Gilman1876 Words   |  8 PagesOn Feminism and ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Gilman On the poets forum Feminism is based on the assumption that women have the same human, political and social rights as men, furthermore, that women should have the same opportunities as men in their personal choices regarding careers, politics and expression. A feminist text states the author’s agenda for women in society as they relate to oppression by a patriarchal power structure and the subsequent formation of social ‘standards’Read MoreExamples Of Feminism In The Yellow Wallpaper1089 Words   |  5 PagesThey could only speak if spoken too and of course did not have the right to vote. Women were seen more as property and were merely useless if they could not have children. This time period’s society was male dominated. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† strongly argues the theme of patriarchal control while in a authentic sense defines a feminist critique of the role of women. Gilman does a great example of relating the setting to the oppression of females during this time. Jane tells

Why the Allies Won Ww1 - 666 Words

Why the Allies Won the First World War On June 28th 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by six Black Hand terrorists in Sarajevo, Bosnia. This is the spark that would start one of the biggest wars in known history that would make thousands of widows and thousands of orphans. Germany had really started a war they couldn’t win, during the war the Germans had to fight on the western front facing the British, French, Belgians and later Americans while taking on Russia on the Eastern front until the Bolshevik Revolution aka: Red October, October Uprising. As you can imagine it would have been extremely difficult to hold off armies from two sides and definitely contributed to the Allies final victory. During the war Germany†¦show more content†¦We always remember the 11th of 11th month at 11:00 as the end of the war, and every year as a symbol of that remembrance we wear a poppy and think about the hundreds of thousands of soldiers that fought for our country and forShow MoreRelatedWas Appeasement Ju stified842 Words   |  4 PagesWas Appeasement a ‘Mistake’? H/W 07.03.13 There are many arguments for and against appeasement before WW2. Appeasement was a policy between Britain, France and Germany. The policy meant that the allies would give Germany what they wanted as long as they didn’t start a war or cause trouble. The Dictionary definition of appeasement is: (Government, Politics amp; Diplomacy) the policy of acceding to the demands of a potentially hostile nation in the hope of maintaining peace. Many people nowRead MoreWorld War One: Before, During, After1734 Words   |  7 PagesItaly. However, the main source of tension was not between the alliances, but between the powers that led them: Britain and Germany. It is arguable that this underlying tension may have been the indirect cause of conflict. Many attribute the spark of WW1 to be the assassination of Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Ferdinand. The assassination, which was a happy accident†, escalated. This event set off a chain reaction that resulted in Austria-Hu ngary, with German support, launching anRead MoreReasons for World War I802 Words   |  3 Pagescountries was the desire to acquire new land thus leaving countries with less with what they wanted making them very angry with another country, or countries. It didn’t help in ww1 that nearly every country in Europe was tied in a alliance with another country thus making them join the war and possibly another country they were allies with. The reason all these alliance happened was because of Austria-Hungary’s prince got assassinated by a group called the Black Hand from Serbia. In which resulted in Austria-HungaryRead MoreWeimar Republic And Its Effect On The Republic732 Words   |  3 Pagesrepublic, weaknesses, how did Hitler come to power. This are some of the ideas why was why was the Weimar weaknesses significant. Germany was forced to drop out of the first WW.Kaiser Wilhelm 2 fled the country. A new republic was created in Jan, 1919. Elections were done for a new Reichstag. In fab,1919, in the town of Weimar. Later on Friedrich Ebert was elected as the president for the new republic. Allies helped Germany to have a totally different government. The treatyRead MoreEssay about What Caused World War II?699 Words   |  3 Pagescaused by the Treaty of Versailles because Germany had taken the blame for all of the damage after WW1. The name for Germany taking all the blame is War guilt clause. As shown in the maps of Europe in 1914 and 1928 from (doc 1) after World War 1, they (Germany) lost land. Then in 1924 Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Romania became part of Russia. Since Germany had lost lad after WW1 and had taken up the blame, they did become bitter with the French. Germany basically got robbed ofRead MoreKaiser Wilhelm And Otto Von Bismarck s Policies Differed1620 Words   |  7 Pagesweapons for them. Also, he attempted to make Germany the predominant world power. His aim to get allies for Germany was a complete failure. When Kaiser tried to reach out and get help and support from Britain, he had failed once again. That was due to the fact that he tried already to get colonies in Africa, The Pacific, and China. At his fault, we were left in isolation and had Austria-Hungary as our only ally. On the other hand, Bismarck’s efforts into getting alliances were much more contributive. BismarckRead MoreGermany s Desire For World Power1308 Word s   |  6 Pageswhether Germany is responsible for the outbreak of war or rather the responsibility of individual countries such as Britain, Russia, France, Austria-Hungary and the Balkans collectively. However, Germany should be blamed to the full extent of starting WW1 due to the reasons that Germany had unconditional support for Austria, Germany s war plans were planned to cause more conflict and Germany s mobilization schedule. German historian Fritz Fischer argues that Germany s desire for world power wasRead MoreIs It All Germany s Fault?1825 Words   |  8 PagesRussia mobilized towards Germany. (Ziff, John) The Schlieffen Plan of 1914 led Britain, an ally of France, to declare war on Germany. Germany was intent on expanding its empire and wanted a so-called â€Å"place in the sun†. Germany was evidently jealous of Britain, since Britain occupied one quarter of the globe at the time. WW1 was Germany’s chance to win some territory from either France or Britain, which is why they were so aggressive in the outbreak of war. Germany also had another plan to expandRead MoreThe Inevitability of Allied Victory in Europe During World War Two1908 Words   |  8 Pagesduring World War Two requires a more in depth analysis of Germany’s position rather than just looking at the pure ability for the allies to produce war materials and incalculable streams of soldiers. Ultimately ‘quant ity of men and arms tells us little about quality’. Obviously Allied victory was final and decisive but this essay will argue that even though this war was won on economic power it did not mean that victory for the nations that were to be industrial superpowers was inevitable. However AlliedRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1240 Words   |  5 PagesDwight D. Eisenhower entered the war to help plan for D-Day and lead them into the war. He was responsible for the whole thing. Franklin  Roosevelt may have helped and same with Winston Churchill. Hitler wanted to be an artist but got denied twice. In  WW1 Germany had been blamed so that caused them to have the  Treaty of Versailles which made Germany lose  power. Hitler cried for the first time in 11 years. He wanted Germany to be the highest in power. He formed the Nazi group, and  they blamed all the

Hospitality Management Organizational Psychology

Question: Describe about the Hospitality Management for Organizational Psychology. Answer: Introduction Importance of Delegation Olivia should accept that she cant do everything on her own and this will be the first step towards delegating tasks. It should not be a question of the more delegation, the better, which could lead to loss of control but rather the challenge of her delegating properly, and effectively the tasks that she wants to and can delegate(Preenen, van Vianen and de Pater 2014). Some of the importance of delegation includes: Olivia will have more time to do important Tasks By Olivia delegating some of the things that she does not need to do personally, she will at least be able to free up some of her time that will enable her to other important valuable tasks that only require her energy and experience. This will give her some time to plan and also increase her strategic capacity thus improving the systems of her boutique. Growth of the Team By delegating some of the duties to her staff, Olivia will help them to develop in their capacities hence making them also feel more valued in the business. It will also increase her teams job satisfaction and an opportunity to be successful and excel. It will make her business to prosper more(Evers, Hafkesbrink and Becke 2014). Fostering of efficiency and creativity By Olivia delegating some duties, she will be promoting teamwork that will bring in different points of view on how well to approach some tasks hence translating into increased productivity and efficiency(Lyons and Lyons 2016). Why Olivia does not want to delegate tasks Olivia fears delegating tasks because maybe she feels that it is more efficient if she handles most of the tasks on her own. It seems that she does not think that her supervisors are capable of doing what she does best; she fears that they might disappoint her. Delegation plan for Olivia Tasks not suitable to delegate Liaising with clients regarding their needs and updates contracts accordingly. Liaising with venues and suppliers and negotiates contracts for space, supplies, audiovisual equipment. Staff recruitment and selection. Ensure all SOPs and quality assurance principles are adhered to. Updating company SOPs. Conducts employee appraisals Handling complaints. Client needs Tasks that others can do in Olivers absence Conducting employee appraisals. Liaising with venues and suppliers and negotiates contracts for space, supplies, audiovisual equipment. Handles complaints. Client needs Tasks delegated permanently Checking room layout prior to event and that all materials, such as place cards, nametags, packages, gift bags, registration lists, etc. are prepared. Checking audiovisual equipment, signage and dcor meet quality expectations. Client needs Ensuring all staff arrive on time and are in full uniform. Organizes replacement staff in case of absenteeism. Organizing event bookings and contracts. Conducting research making site visits and finding resources to help with decisions about event possibilities. Creating and revising room layouts for each event. Creating event run sheets to ensure the smooth flow of the event. Organizing staff rosters. Preparing budgets and provides periodic progress reports to the event director. Conducting pre/post-shift meetings. Monitoring staff on shift Training of new and existing staff when necessary Checking staff time cards and that labor costs comply with budget. Tasks not being done but can be delegated Updating the company website. Marketing How Olivia can determine delegation of duties to the staff Picking the right person: Olivia should know that picking the wrong person for a key task can make that task not to be successful. Matching the requirements of the job with the abilities of the staff: Olivia should make sure the staff being delegated the task has the right capability for the job. Delegating to the staff a clear outcome that is expected: Olivia should explain to the staff what she expects to be done and also the reason for undertaking the task. How Olivia can give Instructions effectively For Olivia to give effective instructions, she must consider some of these measures: Being specific and clear. Give alternatives incase her instructions fail. Set boundaries. Give specific time frames. Seek clarification from the staff to make sure they have understood the instructions well. Why staffs resist taking delegated tasks The staff resist delegation of tasks because may be they feel that they have not been trained on how to handle the tasks that are being delegated to them hence there is fear of failure among the staff. Olivia should embark on training her staff. This will give them confidence to handle any delegated tasks more efficiently without fear of failure(Dobrajska, Billinger and Karim 2015). What Olivia should do to ensure delegated tasks are successfully implemented Olivia should start by specifying the outcome that she desires to her supervisors that she has delegated the tasks. Another thing, Oliver should do, is to also provide sufficient support to the staff, identify the limits, and establish controls and finally Oliver must resist an upward delegation at all cost. After a task is completed, it is important for her to give recognition where it is deserved. Time management Strategies Olivia can effectively manage her time by: Knowing how to spend it. Setting her priorities right. Using a planning tool. Avoiding procrastination. Managing her external time wasters. Scheduling her time well. Consequences of ineffective time management Inefficient flow of work in Olivias business. It may lead to wasted time: She must work hard to avoid anything that distracts her from achieving her goals. Missing of deadlines; Olivia can avoid this by prioritizing her tasks i.e. those that are urgent and those that do not need any urgency. Poor Quality: If there is no proper time management, this may lead to poor outcome of tasks. Monitoring Strategies that Olivia can use Watching the employees using her own eyes and see how they work. Asking for an account of what they have done in her absence. Asking her employees to use self-monitoring tools like project plans or activity logs. Reviewing her staff work in progress. Doing her own intelligence by gathering information about her staff. Conclusion It is important for Olivia to realize that if she really wants her business to be more successful then she will have to involve her staff in achieving this. By involving them, her business is bound to even experience more growth. In addition, by offloading some of the tasks that can be done by the staff, she will have more time to manage her business more effectively without much stress. References Preenen, P., van Vianen, A. and de Pater, I., 2014. Challenging tasks: The role of employees' and supervisors' goal orientations.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(1), pp.48-61. Dobrajska, M., Billinger, S. and Karim, S., 2015. Delegation within hierarchies: How information processing and knowledge characteristics influence the allocation of formal and real decision authority.Organization Science,26(3), pp.687-704. Evers, J., Hafkesbrink, J. and Becke, G., 2014. Balancing efficiency, quality of work and service qualityMeasuring the productivity of social services. Cockpit soziale Dienstleistungen. Gestaltung der Produktivitt durch Balance von Effizienz, Untersttzungsqualitt und Arbeitsqualitt, pp.19-46. Lyons, P.R. and Lyons, P.R., 2016. Helping managers to more effectively delegate authority.Human Resource Management International Digest, 24(6), pp.1-3.

Internet Cesorship Essays - Content-control Software, Censorship

Internet Cesorship INTERNET CENSORSHIP Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away from us on the Internet? Having stated this, should there be any restrictions and if so, what's the limit of censorship? The Internet, with its unlimited access to any kind of information, is todays most commonly used tool used worldwide. This poses some complex questions that challenge liberal and conservative alike, the most recent defenders of the First Amendment, and the most passionate exponents of censorship. With the rush by our President to make the Internet accessible to every U.S. student, the problem extends far beyond libraries and into our schools. This censorship problem would seem to have no easy solution. First, let's assume pornography is a bad thing. It encourages poor behavior and disrespect toward women in general. Yes, any respectable human being would agree with that. But why does this have to be a problem in our schools? Isn't it the responsibility of the parents to guide their children? Isnt it up to the parents to teach their kids stuff like that is morally wrong? Kids should already know behavior like that does not belong at school. Schools have a fear of this happening so the y take action and put a block on all key words that are linked with pornography. Great, now how will students learn about subjects such as breast cancer? Important information that is now not accessible. Why, because the word breast is one that would be linked to pornography. As you can plainly see, censoring the schools Internet by putting key word blocks in is a loss of educational information for students. We need to give them back what they need and get ride of all the pornography and terrorist sites on every school computer. As you can see, the problem with censorship the Internet is that it takes away your rights, freedom of speech and the chance of acquiring useful information. What people dont realize is the Internet is a medium of publication like books and magazines. They are so close to given the same rights that I dont see why its the Internet that needs some censorship. The internet gives you the right to: access pornography sites if you are over the age of 18, Have cyber sex with anyone on the internet who will have it with you-no matter age, To visit sites that contain terrorist, racial, or militant activity, To practice any religion you choose. The real world gives you the right to: Rent or buy pornography in the form of magazines and videos if you are 18 or older, Have phone sex with anyone who will have it with you-no matter the age, To buy books, magazines, and videos that contain terrorist, racial, or militant activity, To practice any religion you choose. The Internet is no worse the whats out in the world today. It is merely just an easier way for people to communicate. Putting a censorship on the Internet when the same problems accure all th e time in daily life is a complete waste of time and effort. At least nobody is murdered through the Internet. Also, in a couple of years the Internet will most likely replace public libraries for good. Where will our freedom of speech be at then? After all, the definition of censorship reads; is the control of what people may say or hear, write or see or do. If censorship of the internet tends to lean the way it is now, just think of how big of a grip the government will have on who we are. It will be impossible to act on our creative thoughts and speak our minds. I guess that means you can take the 1st Amendment and throw it in the trash. The best thing about living in America is the right to freedom. We

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Example

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn

Tourism and hospitality operations management The WritePass Journal

Tourism and hospitality operations management INTRODUCTION Tourism and hospitality operations management INTRODUCTIONTASK ONE1.1 Quality and its benefits within the Hospitality context 1.2   Quality Awards/Systems that Hospitality Organizations operate within1.3   Internal System within the Front Office AreaTASK TWO2.1 Supply Chain Management Strategies2.2   Supplier Selection ProcessTASK THREE3.1 Possible issues encountered by Operations Managers3.2 Resolving the IssuesREFERENCE LISTRelated INTRODUCTION Operations management in tourism and hospitality refers to the work done in the different fields of hotel industry. Jobs in the hospitality industry, such as hotels, restaurants, catering, resorts and casinos as well as other hospitality positions that deal with tourists generally, refers to hospitality. Hospitality involves the relationship process between the hotel and a guest and the act of being hospitable, such as guest reception and entertainment with friendliness, goodwill and liberality. Tourists who travel for recreation or leisure purposes is related to tourist management. In recent years, tourism has become a popular global leisure activity among worldwide customers. The project is about Ramada Encore London West. TASK ONE 1.1 Quality and its benefits within the Hospitality context Quality means, serving in a manner which suits to the tourist within the limits of the industry. It also refers to the quality provided to the people who have visited an individuals’ place. The best of the services provided by the operations team is called quality. Delivering quality service is one of the major challenges facing hospitality managers in the opening years of the millennium. It is be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly competitive, global hospitality markets. While the future importance of delivering quality hospitality service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and intriguing management issues. Since the delivery of hospitality service always involves people, these issues centre on the management of people, and in particular on the interactions between guests and staff, interactions that are called service encounters. In the eyes of our guests, our hospitality businesses will succeed or fail depending on the cumulative impact of the service encounters in which they have participated. It is easy to check the importance of managing these service encounters.  Ã‚   Think back to the last time you visited a hotel or restaurant.  Ã‚   Service encounters are the building blocks of quality hospitality service.   First, hospitality managers should identify each encounter in the chain that they wish to take apart, and then single out those that are of operational or strategic significance – in effect, focusing in on the few encounters that really make a difference to guest experience and thus to the bottom line. Second, apply what we have called the 6 S’s to improving these critical encounters through effective redesign. While the first step may seem obvious, it is important to identify a service chain and then to break it down into the component encounters.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too much detail takes time and resources, and may confuse rather than clarify.  Ã‚   Too little and we may miss important problems.  Ã‚   The process is iterative, with more detail needed in some areas and less in others, and with an overriding consideration that the chain is assessed not just from the point of view of a manager but also from that of a guest. Those that add significant value to the guest, those that cost in time or money, those that help to differentiate the business from its competitors, and those where significant innovation is possible or occurring. Hospitality service encounters run the gamut from those that are very trivial to those that are highly critical. They vary greatly in their nature and may be simple or complex, standard or custom, low tech or high tech, remote or friendly, low or high skill, frequent or occasional, and so on. They can be instrumental dealing with the performance of necessary utilitarian activities or can involve emotion-laden hospitality events. An initial management task is to understand a service encounter by discerning and dealing with those attributes that are most important to guests. In doing so, pertinent questions must be raised about the specific service encounter(s) under consideration.   With respect to a particular service encounter, hospitality managers might raise many questions like the following: The specific encounter(s) under consideration will, of course, indicate the kinds of questions that should be pursued.   It is important to obtain adequate information to understand the situation thoroughly.   Determining the context of a situation relating to a hospitality encounter that has gone wrong establishes parameters for improvement. All this is part of the second step.  Ã‚   With the information at hand hospitality managers can organize, and analyze the data and it is here that the 6S approach can help.  Ã‚  Ã‚   These are: Specification  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff  Ã‚  Ã‚   Space  Ã‚  Ã‚   System  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support  Ã‚  Ã‚   Style Specification means clearly detailing information about the what, when, where, and how, of service encounters.   It requires giving careful thought to the linkages between particular service encounters and others in the service chain. When hospitality managers have carried out these two step process they will be in an excellent position to make decisions that will both improve the quality of hospitality services provided and guest perceptions of them. Zeroing in on hospitality service quality in this manner will help hospitality businesses meet the service challenges of the millennium, enhance their market positions, and reap the associated profit rewards. Staff in the hospitality industry must be trained to enhance all the issues resolved in time, before the consumers enable to dismantle the theory of having been not satisfied with the hotel staff and the services provided. The hotel must have a very good accommodation to have all its clients feel at home. A good space leads to more impressive and lucrative offers for the consumers to come at regular intervals. Space means a big area being controlled and operated by the hotel management and the staff. There should be discipline in the work being allotted to each and every department. That means that the system of working as a family and in a healthy atmosphere be supplemented and enhanced to face any number of customers in the hotel. Support from all the managerial staff makes a real sense of developing the adjustments made by the hotel. The presentation of the hotel should be in such a way that it attracts the eyes of the clients. The style applied to all the rooms, bar, restaurant, pool side and the lobby must be so much eccentric that the onlookers feel proud to be the part of such an organization. More than ever it is important for businesses to be offering the best service to their clients and ensuring that their needs are being met so they stay loyal customers. The increasing use of electronic communication benefits business with efficiency gains but can be detrimental with the interaction with clients. We all need to hold onto and look after our customers and one of the best ways to obtain quality time with valuable clients as well as potential clients and top performing employees is to take them to an exclusive or very popular event such as a high profile sporting event demonstrating to them how much you value them. The best way to spend time at an event is going with a corporate package, for many reasons. Firstly by doing it in style and creating a special occasion people will remember it for years to come and will certainly show how much you value them by going that bit further than buying tickets to the event. Taking employees and clients here will pay you dividends in the future as it will encourage loyalty and continue bringing in valuable income. Using hospitality facilities will provide you with space to spend time with valuable clients and those contacts that you want to convert into customers. Having that prime location at the event gives you a huge benefit over sitting in a crowded and noisy stadium. It is a much better suited environment to enjoy the event while talking business too. Going with a hospitality package can often give you the opportunity to network as other companies will be sharing the facilities with their clients. You can find valuable clients and contacts this way. Supplier selection criteria for a particular product or service category should be defined by a â€Å"cross-functional† team of representatives from different sectors of your organization. In a manufacturing company, for example, members of the team typically would include representatives from purchasing, quality, engineering and production. Team members should include personnel with technical/applications knowledge of the product or service to be purchased, as well as members of the department that uses the purchased item. Common supplier selection criteria: Previous experience and past performance with the product/service to be purchased. Relative level of sophistication of the quality system, including meeting regulatory requirements or mandated quality system registration (for example, ISO 9001, QS-9000). Ability to meet current and potential capacity requirements, and do so on the desired delivery schedule. Financial stability. Technical support availability and willingness to participate as a partner in developing and optimizing design and a long-term relationship. Total cost of dealing with the supplier (including material cost, communications methods, inventory requirements and incoming verification required). The suppliers track record for business-performance improvement. Total cost assessment. Methods for determining how well a potential supplier fits the criteria: Obtaining a Dun Bradstreet or other publicly available financial report. Requesting a formal quote, which includes providing the supplier with specifications and other requirements (for example, testing). Visits to the supplier by management and/or the selection team. Confirmation of quality system status either by on-site assessment, a written survey or request for a certificate of quality system registration. Discussions with other customers served by the supplier. Review of databases or industry sources for the product line and supplier. Evaluation (SUCH AS prototyping, lab tests, OR validation testing) of samples obtained from the supplier. The Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism serves as a medium to share and disseminate new research findings, theoretical development and superior practices in hospitality and tourism service quality. The journal aims to publish cutting-edge empirically and theoretically sound research articles which advance and foster hospitality and tourism research and practices. Academicians and practitioners explore current and important development information on quality planning, development, management, marketing, evaluation, and adjustments within the field. As a result, this journal will help readers to keep up-to-date on the latest theory development and research findings, improve business practices, stay informed of successful hospitality strategies, maintain profit requirements, and increase their market share in this complex and growing field. Comprised of conceptual and methodological research papers, research notes, case studies, and review books and conferences the Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism offers readers examples of real world practices and experiences that involve: organizational development and improvement operational and efficiency issues quality policy and strategy service quality improvement and customer satisfaction managerial issues, such as employee empowerment benefits, quality costs, returns on investment the role and participation of private and public sectors, including residents international, national, and regional tourism; tourism destination sites; arid systems of tourism Allowing readers the opportunity to share experiences and thoughts with colleagues in the field, this journal also contains several columns that examine different and valuable information sources, including:research notes significant findings related to the goals of the journal dissertations and masters theses abstracts examine quality assurance related topics book reviews recently published works that discuss the strengths structure of the book, subject matter, readability, and discussions about the works contribution to existing practices and knowledge in the field conference reviews highlighting discussing specific papers presented at conferences their importance in the field web site reviews interesting helpful hospitality tourism web sites. Covering several crucial areas in each issue, this journal provides essential information that can be applied to businesses, the classroom, and new research projects. Bringing together a variety of perspectives from around the world, the Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism has the current, comprehensive, and vital information necessary to evaluate the quality of services and improve customer satisfaction in a cost-effective manner. 1.2   Quality Awards/Systems that Hospitality Organizations operate within The concept of quality management in hospitality industry is very important.   The hospitality industry is one of the most important industries in the world that has been growing at unique rate owing to the increased rate of globalization.   The amplified activities in tourism industry and improved international trade are among the factors that have led to increased growth of the hospitality industry.   There has been increased trend towards equivalence of services in the hospitality industry and this is being driven by the need for augmentation of quality of services. As the level of competition increase in the industry, the competitive advantage has been created through provision of high quality services.   In order to understand the trend in enrichment of quality of services in the industry, this paper will review a number of studies on the subject. The case of Ramada Encore London West discusses how total quality management has been used in London in the enhancement of quality in the  Ã‚   hospitality industry.   This acknowledges that total quality management is a concept that has gained increased use in the hospitality industry. In recognition of the importance of quality management in the hospitality industry, the ISO 9000 has been an important step in setting standards for the implementation of total quality management in the industry.   Enhancement of quality in the hospitality industry is cited to increase the level of customer satisfaction, increased sales and better profits for business in the hospitality industry. Total Quality Management (TQM) is however sometimes difficult to implement in hospitality industry owing to the difficult in identifying some of the most appropriate quality measures. This study identified the need to use the quality triangle in hospitality industry including focus on customers, team work approach to unify goals, and use of scientific approach in decision making. Through comparing TQM in manufacturing and hospitality industry, the study gives important review on how hospitality industry can use the TQM concept to improve their services.   This study is important since it shows how organization in the hospitality industry can actually use TQM concept to enhance quality in their products and services.   It is important to understand that TQM is s wholesome approach which doesn’t only look at one aspect of quality management but concentrate on quality in on all aspects. HACCP is one of the most important aspects in TQM that defines quality. HACCP defines the important points at which quality should be ensured. Through understanding the important points in the process of food production or offering of service where quality can be enhanced, it become easier to enhance quality. While HACCP is an important factor in quality enhancement process that has been used in large food manufacturers, it has been slowly employed in the small business especially in the hospitality industry.   The study found out that there are more than eleven barriers to enhancement of HACCP in enhancement of quality.   This has one of the most comprehensive studies in implementation of HAACP in the hospitality industry.  Ã‚   The findings of the study are important since they show the importance of HACCP in enhancement of quality of products and services in hospitality industry. Quality enhancement is important in determining the rating of hotels in hospitality industry. It is also related to princes of products and services in the industry. In their study on Quality and Pricing in the Hotel Industry: The Mobil Star and Hotel Pricing Behaviour, Henley, Cotter, and Duncan (2004) argues that price is closely tied to pricing of products.   They argue that quality is one of the most important determinants of price not only in hospitality industry but also in other industries as well.   However, they concede that it is fortunate that in the hospitality industry, quality evaluation and prince information are availed for consumer and have also been published in consumer guides. They give the example of The Mobili Travel Guides as one of the most important sources of information regarding quality and price of products offered in hospitality industry. To find whether hotels usually do change their pricing and quality strategy when their rating is affected in such consumer guides.   This study found out that price is tied to quality of services and products. Most hotels raises their prices when their rating goes higher and lowers the consequently when their rating is lowered, and the same happens at Ramada Encore London West.   The results are important to enhancement of quality in hospitality industry. It reveals that quality of service offered has an effect on rating of the hotels and hence the price of their product. There are different factors affecting the quality of services in the hospitality industry. In their review of different factors affecting quality in the Ramada Encore London West   shows that the growth of tourisms industry in different parts of the world have led to increased attention to quality assurance in the hospitality industry. The hotel looked into influence of consumer perception on quality of services, the study found out that different factors like previous acquaintance with the hotel, perception and efficiency, perception of value, type of restaurant services, quality of conference facilities, and staff attitudes are among the important factors that affect consumer perception of quality in a given hotel. It is important to operators in the industry who want to improve their quality since they would focus on these factors.   It implies that to enhance quality, hotels must understand the important factors that are used by consumers to assess quality of services and pro ducts and henceforth improve them. Employees of Ramada Encore London West have a lot of influence on the quality of service offered by the organization. Employees are the main point of contact between organization and the customers. Following the HACCP model, this is an important point and there should be efforts to enhance quality at this point. In deed, this point has been reinforced by Kattara, Dina, and El-Said  Ã‚   in their study on the impact of employee behaviour on customers service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction.   In this study, Kattara et al., (2008) attempted to investigate the relationship between the positive and negative employee behaviour, customer sensitivity of the quality of service offered and the satisfaction of the employees. This study revealed that employee behaviours whether negative or positive are well correlated with customer satisfaction. Through review of past and current literature, the study found out that customer discernment is mainly influenced by the quality of se rvice they received at a given hotel.   This study is important enhancement of quality in the hospitality industry since it looked at the relationship between employees and their customers. Consumers are also important determinant of the quality of service offered in the industry through their reviews.  Ã‚   Consumer awareness is an important factor that can be used by consumers to show the level of quality in the industry. While a manager may think that their service are quality, customer many think otherwise.   Therefore the author suggests setting up a program that will assist in monitoring go standards of services to enhance quality. Quality management is not only about ornamental quality of goods and services. The hospitality industry in has not been keen on integrating occupation health and safety with quality management systems.   If OHS is not integrated with quality management system, most organization can degenerate from health participatory process to mere bureaucratic management tool.   The findings of this study are important since they show the importance of integrating OHS and quality systems. Both concepts are closely related and enhance each other. 1.3   Internal System within the Front Office Area The Front Office utility of a Hotel is to act as the public face of the hotel, chiefly by greeting hotel consumers and checking in guests. It also provides assistance to guests during their stay completes their lodgings, food and beverage, accounts and receives payment from guests. Department is typically poised of 1. Reception 2. Reservation 3. Concierge 4. PBX (phone service system) 5. Telephone a) Front Office:   Sell guestrooms; register guests and design guestrooms. Coordinate guest services provide information. Maintain precise room statistics, and room key inventories. Maintain guest account statements and complete proper financial settlements b) Reservation: Receive and process reservation requests for future overnight accommodations. With technology development, the Reservation Department can, on real time, access the number and types of rooms available, various room rates, and furnishings, along with the various facilities existing in the hotel Edgar Dsouz FRONT OFFICE is the nerve center in the entire hotel operations. All the transaction passes through within this department. The Front Office Department comprise of the Reception, Guest Service Offices, Bell Services, Reservation, Operators, Executive Club, Health and Recreation Center and Business Center. The purpose of the Front Office Department is to provide guests assistance with luggage, transportation, information concerning the hotel and the city, and any other service arrangements needed during their stay. Employees of the Front Office Department often provide the first and last impression of the hotel to our guests. It is therefore vitally important that employees display a prompt and courteous attitude to all guests and demonstrate the excellence in service. The Front Office Manager who comes under the direct supervision of the Director of Rooms and supervises the Front Office Department Important of Front Office Department to the Hotel .Hospitality, warm welcome .Often provide first and last impression. .Often have longest contact with guest. .Continuity: Long term service, recognition of repeat guests, remember names, guest histories. .Acquaint guest with hotel. .Sell hotel food and beverage outlets. .Upsell: Suggest deluxe and suites. .Smoother over disgruntled guests. TASK TWO 2.1 Supply Chain Management Strategies For the organizations which are concerned in tourism, competence is conditioned, among other determinants, by the harmonization and synchronization of all participants’ efforts from the unambiguous performance chain: tourism services suppliers, tour-operators, travel agencies and tourists themselves. Among these participants, a special role is assigned to the tour-operators. Going from certain tourism attractions, they take upon themselves the manufacture of those products that are required by tourists, assembling the different basic and complementary tourism services that are offered by numerous services suppliers, and further, distributing them to the retailers, or directly to the tourists. The impact of their activity is very strong because through the realized products they incorporate different types of tourist services. Going from these aspects and analyzing in a similar manner the tourism activity as the material goods manufacturing activity from logistical point of vie w, it can be said that, successful activity can be achieved when those different participants categories act like a system, into a supply chain. On tour-operators’ level, the supply chain management incorporates, among the others, planning and management activities concerning purchasing suppliers selection, internal logistics’ management, as well as collaboration with all marketing channel partners. Internal logistics involves activities that refers to purchasing, operations’ support and some aspects that are similar with physical distribution, the supply chain being structured by cooperation between a various number of participants, from raw materials suppliers (their impact is visible especially in catering, foods or beverage suppliers services), up to end consumers. Otherwise, the role of the last category is more important because they lend the tourism activity specific nature, through there’s participation on a successful holiday product. Supply chains evolve in harmony with changes in the market and their ambitions. The fruition of supply chain is correlated to different elements of progress in the business context referred to as performance capacity, innovation and clock speed. These correlations are the starting point of moving the chain towards the higher goals and therefore are of most importance. In order to assure that the chain is moving on the right path in its evolutionary journey, the journey must start based on the most precise data available. Different firms and diverse supply chains have dissimilar business strategies and value propositions, and answering those questions is often harder than one might imagine. To illustrate, lets look at some examples of metrics that are mis-aligned: cases in which a company discovered that they werent measuring the things that really mattered to their customers. Companies must always be concerned with their competition. Todays marketplace is shifting from individual company presentation to supply chain performance: the entire chains ability to meet end-customer needs through product availability and responsive, on-time delivery. Supply chain performance crosses both functional lines and company boundaries. Functional groups (engineering/RD, manufacturing, and sales/marketing) are all instrumental in designing, building, and selling products most efficiently for the supply chain, and traditional company boundaries are changing as companies discover new ways of working together to achieve the ultimate supply chain goal: the ability to fill customer orders faster and more efficiently than the competition. To accomplish that goal, you need performance process, or metrics, for global supply chain performance improvements. Your performance measures must show not only how well you are providing for your customers (service metrics) but also how you are handling your business (speed, asset/inventory, and financial metrics). Given the cross-functional environment of many supply chain improvements, your metrics must prevent organizational silo behaviour which can hinder supply chain routine. Supply Chain Strategies are the critical backbone to Business Organizations today. Effective Market coverage, Availability of Products at locations which hold the key to revenue recognition depends upon the effectiveness of Supply Chain Strategy rolled out. Very simply stated, when a product is introduced in the market and advertised, the entire market in the country and all the sales counters need to have the product where the customer is able to buy and take delivery. Any glitch in product not being available at the right time can result in drop in customer interest and demand which can be disastrous. Transportation network design and management assume importance to support sales and marketing strategy. Inventory control and inventory visibility are two very critical elements in any operations for these are the cost drivers and directly impact the bottom lines in the balance sheet. Inventory means value and is an asset of the company. Every business has a standard for inventory turnaround that is optimum for the business. Inventory turnaround refers to the number of times the inventory is sold and replaced in a period of twelve months. The health of the inventory turn relates to the health of business. In a global scenario, the finished goods inventory is held at many locations and distribution centers, managed by third parties. A lot of inventory would also be in the pipeline in transportation, besides the inventory with distributors and retail stocking points. Since any loss of inventory anywhere in the supply chain would result in loss of value, effective control of inventory and visibility of inventory gains importance as a key factor of Supply Chain Management function. 2.2   Supplier Selection Process Supplier selection criterion for a particular product or service category should be defined by a â€Å"cross-functional† team of representatives from different sectors of your organization. In a manufacturing company, for example, members of the team typically would include representatives from purchasing, quality, engineering and fabrication. Team members should include personnel with technical/applications knowledge of the product or service to be purchased, as well as members of the subdivision that uses the purchased item. Common provider selection criteria: Previous experience and past recital with the product/service to be purchased. Comparative level of sophistication of the quality system, including meeting regulatory requirements or mandated quality system registration (for example, ISO 9001, QS-9000). Ability to meet current and potential aptitude requirements, and do so on the desired delivery schedule. Financial stability. Technical support availability and willingness to participate as a partner in developing and optimizing design and a long-term relationship. Total cost of dealing with the supplier (including material cost, communications methods, inventory requirements and incoming verification required). The suppliers track record for business-performance improvement. Total cost assessment. Methods for determining how well a potential supplier fits the criteria: Obtaining a Dun Bradstreet or other publicly available financial report. Requesting a formal quote, which includes providing the supplier with specifications and other requirements (for example, testing). Visits to the supplier by management and/or the selection team. Confirmation of quality system status either by on-site assessment, a written survey or request for a certificate of quality system registration. Discussions with other customers served by the supplier. Review of databases or industry sources for the product line and supplier. Evaluation (SUCH AS prototyping, lab tests, OR validation testing) of samples obtained from the supplier. TASK THREE 3.1 Possible issues encountered by Operations Managers Lack of capital is often the most critical challenge that a successful manager or leader faces as its very success creates this and it quickly becomes a vicious circle. Without very diligent cash flow management and/or mounting of more capital, including debt, the business often is constrained by capital as it grows. Often the profit in one operating cycle is insufficient to fund the extra working capital required for the next operating cycle. Many capable managers cannot overcome the obstacles in their businesses cash flow cycle and cannot understand why bankers and other lenders often cannot provide the financing as the manager often does not have the security to support the debt. The solution is often easier than most entrepreneurs realize. It often starts with a plan to see what your cash needs are and when your cash needs arise. Then one is in a position to manage it and focus on the cash management techniques most likely to be successful in his/her business. Lack of management skills Lack of management skills is a problem that is very difficult to deal with in most small and medium enterprises as the size of the senior management team is necessarily limited. These areas of weakness could be in finance, human resources, marketing or any area where the current management does not have the expertise, or the time to deal with the issues. It can be solved by determining the weak areas and then developing a plan for dealing with those challenges. Solutions can be as simple as assigning the responsibility to an existing manager with a requirement to watch for the obvious pitfalls, to hiring a person part-time or a consultant. Lack of focus Ignoring risks in their assessment of alternatives and opportunities Lack of a plan Failure to plan for issues absorbing the majority of your time 3.2 Resolving the Issues An operations manager should be more proficient regarding his/her department when operating a staff of Tourism and Hospitality. The faces of the staff repair the atmosphere in the hotel for the customers. Issues should be handled and resolved with timely interviewing of the needs and responsibilities of the staff. It is compulsory for the managers to be more precise over the issues and no favours should be given to any particular person on gander basis. It’s the most aspiring issue which hinders the work at the work place and creates a substance of non judgemental circumstances for the front line managers. Operations manager must be focussed on the resolution and proper usage of time in work. This can be implemented on focussing on the demands of the staff which speak of the customers. By not giving any heed to the needs, the managers sometimes bring a bad and deliberate reputation to the designation and the atmosphere gives no other chance rather than to leave. Planning is another need for the operations managers. A good plan will lead a good presentation by the staff. A hotel only runs on the presentation of its criteria and backup must be strong to represent its nature. If the planning of the manager does not match the abilities of the staff then it can beheld that the operations manager lacks planning and needs to be refurbished on the planning and strategy building. Issues only happen when there is a lack of co-ordination amid the staff. While working in the field of hospitality one has to resolve the issues otherwise the presentation of the team will lack a lot of planning and debauchery of the things and conjugally.   But if an operations manager will keep on defying the whole lot by giving advices and resolving the issues then his own hard made planning’s wont get much time to be implemented. So an operations manger must be sure on implementing and displaying of his plans in time instead to giving solvents for the problems and issues. Operations management has acquired great significance in the recent years due to an increase in the number of trans-national companies, whose operations are spread across the continents. It helps in developing the synergies between the various operations that are separated by time and space. OM has made it possible for trans-national companies, like Shell Corporation, to source crude oil from an oilrig in Europe and deliver the oil to a refinery located in Asia Pacific. OM is not limited to Oil Companies only. OM has enabled many companies to set up production and manufacturing at cost effective locations and source the required inputs from locations where procurement costs are low. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), which takes as its premise that firms ought to justify their existence in terms of service to assorted stakeholders rather than mere profit, has been a subject of much debate. Yet, notwithstanding certain critical voices, more and more businesses, including hospitality companies, are embracing CSR. Some like Scandic even embedded it into their business models, which means that CSR underpins their organizational modus operandi. Thus this paper, built around an analysis of Scandics Omtanke programme, aims to conceptualize CSR in the context of the hospitality sector. Great stress is laid, therefore, on the implications of CSR for hotel-based human resource management, local community support and promotion of environmental sustainability. Drawing on interviews with Scandic managers and internal documents, we examine the rationale and effects of various CSR initiatives carried out in Scandic hotels in recent years. Building on these insights, the paper concludes by making some recommendations of practical character and highlighting future research directions. Issues can be resolved in the process of making healthy relations of the staff and the customers in the hotel industry are very important. The selection of the staff depends upon the education provided and enhanced in an able way to product these things in such a way that these cannot be traumatised and bullied to halter the work of the hotel. REFERENCE LIST Philip Kotler, John Bowen, James Makens Marketing for Hospitality Tourism 5th Edition Robert Johnston, Graham Clark -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Service Operations Management 3rd Edition Chris Holloway, R. Davidson, Claire Humphreys The Business of Tourism 8th Edition Nigel Slack, Mike Lewis -   Operations Strategy 3rd Edition Robert D. Reid, David   Ã‚   Hospitality Marketing Management. Simon Hudson   Ã‚   Marketing for Tourism and Hospitality. Cathy Enz Hospitality Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases.

Moral Responsibility of a Leader Research Paper

Moral Responsibility of a Leader - Research Paper Example Intercultural impacts and massive communication facilities are leading us towards next major evolutionary step in human history, the world citizenship. Every individual involved in this process is required to lead an interconnected group in a subtle way. Hence every citizen of the planet is required to hone their leadership abilities like never before. Their leadership quality should be governed by ethics more than personal or group oriented preferences (Schmidt, 2007). But, the way the world works show we are treading in the exact opposite direction. No one ever takes responsibility of any mishap. Rush Kidder pinpoints the lack of this major moral responsibility as â€Å"Ethics Recession†. We will discuss the reasons for the situation, its adverse affects and the means to change into better leaders in this paper. Introduction Every moral leader is responsible not only for their actions but also the dealings they could have prevented doing for the welfare of everyone. Huge corporate companies and conglomerations which will lead this technological era should have iron willed leaders capable of choosing the best for both their company as well as the world in general. This is where ethics come is picture. Every good leader considers all the given options and its alternatives before taking any major decision. They analyze the consequences and the emotional impacts that might affect his crew and others in general. They take firm decisions which are profitable to the company and his employees. They also take the moral responsibility for any discomfort caused by this action (Taylor, 2000). They compensate groups or people affected in the required way and convince them to co-operate in the big picture of development, putting aside their personal grievances. This is exactly how moral leaders behaved for centuries. But the question here is ‘Why is there a sudden decline in such effective leadership?’ Every problem the world faces today, from economical recession to, terrorism and infiltration are a result of this lack of moral leadership (Anello, 2006). The US housing bubble, a major reason for the recession is the best example for what lack of work ethics will do. What happene d to our modern and moral citizens? Will world citizens be well dressed cannibals eating others opportunities whenever possible? If so is it development or a path to destruction? To find suitable answers to these questions we should first define â€Å"Morals† and â€Å"Ethics† The Enormous Responsibility of Leadership The word â€Å"Value† refers to something of importance. A commodity or a products value is determined based on its importance. Similarly the â€Å"Value† of a person is also determined based on his position or status. The decision taken by the ruler or the leader has more â€Å"Value† than the decision taken by a normal man. But every leader including the King was expected to follow some moral conducts known as â€Å"ethics† to maintain this â€Å"value† or their position in the ancient world. When the mob refused to follow its ethics, dictators arouse. When Kings failed to add â€Å"Value† to their decisions thr ough non ethical conduct, the church condemned them and revolutions arouse. The higher the position is the necessity to follow the code of conduct or ethics increases. Hence most of the nobles, church dignitaries and Kings